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What is SPF?

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is an email authentication method, published as a TXT record in a domain's DNS, that lists which servers and services may send email on behalf of that domain. The receiving server uses this record to check whether an incoming email was sent from an authorized source.

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Example

v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all

Authorized services are added with include; the ~all (softfail) or -all (fail) at the end says what to do with sources not on the list.

Common mistakes

  • Having more than one SPF record on a domain (SPF returns an error).
  • Exceeding the limit of 10 DNS lookups while the record is evaluated.
  • Forgetting to add a new sending service to the record.

Why it matters

Together with DKIM and DMARC, SPF is the foundation for getting your emails into the inbox. More detail: What are DMARC, SPF and DKIM, audit: email deliverability.

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Email deliverability

A fixed-scope email deliverability audit: SPF, DKIM, DMARC, domain reputation, list hygiene and a prioritized fix list.

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